2025 Annual Human Rights Report – Balochistan Human Rights Group
The Balochistan Human Rights Group presents its annual report for 2025 based on verified documentation, field reports, direct eyewitness testimonies, and data compiled from multiple reliable sources. The report reveals an extremely alarming and unprecedented level of widespread and systematic human rights violations in the Balochistan region of Iran. Violations have reached a critical peak across multiple dimensions, particularly the right to life, personal security, prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment, right to a fair trial, rights of the child, rights of women, and rights of ethnic minorities.
Executions
At least 137 Baloch citizens were executed in 27 different prisons across Iran. Approximately 68% of these executions (93 cases) were carried out on drug-related charges. At least one executed individual was a child at the time the offense was committed, constituting a clear violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the international prohibition on executing persons who were under 18 at the time of the crime.
Direct Violence by Military and Security Forces
At least 173 Baloch citizens were killed or injured due to disproportionate and lethal use of force (direct gunfire, home raids, landmine explosions, and severe beatings); 107 were killed and 66 injured. Among the victims were 3 women and 1 child killed, and 16 women and 4 children injured.
Attacks by Unknown Armed Individuals
407 Baloch citizens fell victim to attacks by unknown armed groups, resulting in 266 deaths and 141 injuries. Among the victims were at least 24 children and 14 women. The failure to identify and hold perpetrators accountable raises serious concerns about possible organized patterns or impunity.
Fuel Carriers (Sukhtbaran)
Structural poverty, economic deprivation, and deadly security policies have made Baloch fuel carriers permanent targets of lethal violence and accidents. In 2025, at least 305 fuel carriers were killed or injured, of whom 173 lost their lives.
Arbitrary Arrests and Enforced Disappearances
At least 978 arrests were documented. Of these, 394 individuals lacked any identity documents or birth certificates. 19 cases involved group arrests (more than one person simultaneously) and 12 cases were large-scale arrests (more than 5 individuals in a single operation). Many detainees remain in enforced disappearance for weeks or months, depriving families of their right to know the fate and whereabouts of their loved ones.
Baloch Children
At least 45 Baloch children were killed or injured. Documented cases include sexual violence against detained children, suspicious poisonings in schools, child deaths due to denial of emergency medical care, and the arrest and torture of minors under 18 years of age—all constituting grave breaches of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Baloch Women
23 Baloch women fell victim to direct violence, murder, deliberate denial of medical care, or suicide resulting from socio-economic pressures. At least 10 so-called “honor” killings by close relatives were recorded, highlighting persistent gender-based violence and the lack of effective legal protection.
Baloch Workers
49 Baloch workers were killed or injured in workplace accidents. Systemic discrimination in employment, widespread dismissals, unfair wages, and lack of insurance coverage represent clear violations of the right to decent work and human dignity for Baloch laborers in 2025.
Demolition of Homes and Properties
At least 37 cases of forced demolition of homes and properties belonging to Baloch citizens were carried out without any fair judicial process or compensation, violating the right to property and adequate housing.
Suicides
At least 11 suicides among Baloch citizens were documented, predominantly linked to extreme poverty, unemployment, lack of access to mental health services, and security-related pressures.
The Balochistan Human Rights Group emphasizes that the figures presented represent only a fraction of documented cases. The true scale of human rights violations is far greater due to severe restrictions on information flow, repeated internet shutdowns, and intense pressure, threats, and intimidation against families and witnesses.
This report demonstrates systematic and structural violations of the right to life, right to personal security, prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, right to a fair trial, rights of the child, rights of women, and rights of ethnic minorities. An immediate end to the cycle of violence, full accountability of responsible institutions, cessation of mass executions, release of arbitrarily detained persons, an end to enforced disappearances, and urgent and effective protection for the people of Balochistan constitute an imperative humanitarian, legal, and international obligation.
